4. Chile
Hazards: Earthquake, Tsunami
Chile is synonymous with terremoto. From Punta Arenas to Antofagasta nowhere is safe. Catastrophic events include; a 9.0 in 1868, an 8.8 in 1877, 9.5 in 1960 and an 8.8 in 2010. It is the most active subduction fault in the world capable of major Megathrust earthquakes (8.5+) every 20-30 years. Coastal areas are of increased risk for the tsunami threat as well. Building codes are sound, but the likelihood of it happening is greater than anywhere on the Pacific Rim.
3. Haiti
Hazards: Earthquakes, Hurricane, Building Code
You saw what HAARP could do. Hugo Chavez said so! All jokes aside, this is the closest third world to our world. All those dead chickens haven't prepared them any better for "major" earthquakes or hurricane/flooding devastation. The tar paper shacks don't do too well either. Rarer than other places but...
For point of reference the Haitian quake was a 7.0 occurring 16 miles from Port Au Prince at a hypocentral depth of 7 miles. There were 316,000 deaths. They are still recovering. In Anchorage, AK in 2018 a 7.2 occurred 10 miles from Anchorage at a depth of 29 miles. There were 0 deaths caused by the shaking itself. Only heart attacks of the nursing home variety. They fixed the city in a month.
Though the disparity in depth does make the Haitian one have higher surface acceleration, stronger shaking and whatnot there is only poverty reasons why so many died. Seriously, Haiti is the Africa on the Caribbean.
2. Coastal Japan
Hazards: Earthquake, Tsunami, Typhoon, Volcano, Severe Weather.
There was a live camera of a penguin exhibit at a Mall in Sendai. The Tsunami killed my penguins. I will never forgive the subduction zone responsible.
Japan is as ready as anyone. If it is a natural disaster it can happen in Japan. Japan makes the list for being a seafaring fault adjacent country that has been hit and hit again throughout the course of applicable late quarternary history. 30,000 in one shot bumped it substantially higher on this list.
1. Southern Mexico
Hazards: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Severe Weather, Hurricane, Mexicans
Every horrible and deadly Hurricane making landfall is south of Baja. Outdated housing codes and a corrupt enforcement system increases risk of building collapse during earthquakes. Volcanoes apparently form in farmer's fields over night, and of course drug cartels are their own non-natural environmental hazard.
It tops the list because its is an epicenter of sorts for all applicable categories. There are many ways to die in Mexico and at a much higher rate than most places.
The Wall