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And begin in BCE. (25 years +/-)
Mesopotamia/River Valleys (East):
2900 - 2500 - Sumer
2500 - 2400 - Lagash
2400 - 2330 - Uma
2330 - 2150 - Akkad
2150 - 2000 - Ur (Sumer)
2000 - 1890 - Old Assyria/Neo Sumer (split North/South)
1890 - 1780 - Small states/Babylon
1780 - 1470 - Old Assyria/Babylonia
1470 - 1350 - Babylonia
1350 - 1285 - Middle Assyria/Babylonia
1285 - 1205 - Middle Assyria
1205 - 1190 - Babylonia
1190 - 1143 - Neo Assyria/ Elam
1143 - 1021 - Babylonia
1021 - 846 - Neo Assyria/ Babylonia
846 - 819 - Neo Assyria
819 - 808 - Neo Assyria/Babylonia
808 - 724 - Neo Assyria
724 - 720 - Neo Assyria/Babylonia
720 - 624 - Neo Assyria
624 - 611 - Neo Assyria /Neo Babylonian
611 - 539 - Neo Babylonian Empire
539 - 483 - Achaemenid Empire (Ancient Persia)
483 - Mesopotamian Revolt
483 - 331 - Achaemenid Empire (Ancient Persia)
331 - 328 - Macedonia/Achaemenid Empire
328 - 324 - Macedonia
324 - 141 - Hellenistic Era (Ancient Greece)
141 BCE - 118 CE - Parthian
118 - Rome
118 - 225 - Parthian
225 - 634 - Sassanian Empire
634 - 635 - Sassanian Empire/Rashidun Caliphate
635 - 661 - Rashidun Caliphate
661 - 748 - Umayyad Caliphate
748 - 1051 - Abbasid Caliphate
1051 - 1118 - Seljuq Empire
1118 - 1261 - Abbasid Caliphate
1261 - 1408 - Mongol Empire
1405 - 1538 - Safavid Dynasty (Persia)
1538 - 1621 - Ottoman Empire/Safavid Dynasty (Persia) (river valley split lenthwise)
1621 - 1639 - Safavid Dynasty (Persia)
1639 - 1721 - Ottoman Empire/Safavid Dynasty (Persia)
1721 - 1749 - Ottoman Empire/Hotak Dynasty (Persia)
1749 - 1752 - Ottoman Empire/Afsharid Dynasty (Persia)
1752 - 1785 - Ottoman Empire/Afsharid Dynasty (Persia)/Kuwait
1785 - 1919 - Ottoman Empire/Qajar Dynasty (Persia)/Kuwait
1919 - 1926 - Iraq (UK)/Qajar Dynasty (Persia)
1926 - 1932 - Iraq (UK)/Iran (Formerly Persia)
1932 - 1941 - Iraq/Iran
1941 - 1945 - Iraq (UK)/British Zone (UK)
1945 - Present Iraq/Iran/Kuwait
* Kuwait was a British protectorate during both world wars.
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The Holy Land (West):
*The western portion can fit between San Antonio and Dallas, TX.
1900 - 1470 - Canaan (nomadic former Akkadians)
1470 - 1210 - New Kingdom (Egypt)
1210 - 1021 - Phoenicia/12 Tribes (12 subdivided regions, their myth is the OG manifest destiny)
1021 - 796 - Phoenicia/Israel
796 - 783 - Neo Assyria
783 - 769 - Phoenicia/Israel
769 - 733 - Judah/Phoenicia/Israel
733 - 724 - Judah/Neo Assyria
724 - 720 - Judah/Israel/ Neo Assyria
720 - 699 - Judah/Neo Assyria
699 - 624 - Neo Assyria
624 - 611 - Judah/Neo Assyria
611 - 608 - Judah/Israel/ Neo Babylonian Empire
608 - 539 - Neo Babylonian Empire
539 - 331 - Achaemenid Empire
331 - 324 - Macedonia
324 - 137 - Hellenistic Era* (Ancient Greece)
137 - 51 - Judea (Herodian Kingdom)
51 BCE - 268 CE - Roman Empire
268 - 274 - Palmyrene Empire
274 - 396 - Roman Empire
396 - 489 - East Roman Empire
489 - 616 - Byzantine Empire
616 - 626 - Sassanian Empire
626 - 635 - Byzantine Empire
635 - 661 - Rashidun Caliphate
661 - 748 - Umayyad Caliphate
748 - 970 - Abbasid Caliphate
970 - 1076 - Fatimid Caliphate
1076 - 1099 - Seljuq Empire
1099 - 1174 - Jerusalem/Tripoli (France)
1174 - 1188 - Jerusalem (France)/Ayyubid Sultanate
1188 - 1191 - Ayyubid Sultanate
1191 - 1251 - Jerusalem/Tripoli (France)/Ayyubid Sultanate
1251 - 1291 - Jerusalem/Tripoli (France)/Mamluk Sultanate
1291 - 1516 - Mamluk Sultanate
1516 - 1919 - Ottoman Empire
1919 - 1921- Egypt (UK)/Syria (France)
1921 - 1945 - Egypt (UK)/Syria (France)/Trans-Jordan
1945 - 1949 - Egypt (UK)/Syria/Trans-Jordan/Lebanon
1949 - 1988 - Lebanon/Syria/Jordan/Israel
1988 - Present - Lebanon/Syria/Jordan/Israel/Palestine
Notes*
Judaism
Around 600 BCE you have Monotheism taking off. The Achaemenid Empire (Ancient Persia) defeated the neo-Babylonian, and most of their narrative was influential in the western portion of this region and underscored many ideas of Judaism via the ancient Persian Zoroastrianism. And everything influenced each-other in this confined region of the world. Amalgamation being the word. Save the Torah (oldest scrolls dated right around 1200 BCE), and most apocryphal, much of the OT text was written between 500-150 BCE.
One of the oldest documented "hebrew" text is actually from the reign of King David. 10th century BCE and predates the Zoroastrianism idea. Showing that concepts in Judaism actually date back to at least the "Twelve tribes of Israel" (1210 BCE), which actually existed as a way to divide up territory gained back from Egypt after being subjects of The Pharoh. Initially serperate groups that later decided to call themselves "Hebrew" and unite as "Israel" around a mythical covenant with a monotheistic god and like narrative of Egypt oppression. They were Canaanites that were made subjects to Egypt for long enough to almost forget. With some developing a new myth in the occupied interim. The origin of chosen therein.
The "Exodus" is likely (IMO) a colorful historical account of when both polytheistic Phoenicia and The "Twelve Tribes of Israel" gained autonomy from The New Kingdom of Egypt, which for a few centuries extended north into the area where Israel exists today. At the time of "Moses", who is very likely a literary device of when negative sentiment against Egypt was HIGH. There is truth to "Israelites" gaining fredom from Egypt. No walking the desert needed. Humorously around 1200 BCE historical accounts in Mesopotamia recorded a pandemic resembling influenza. Desert locusts swarms were also recorded... All at the right time. Though, they may have just been beneficiary of Phonician conquest, as both civilizations came to be at the same time, and in the same dense region .
What can you say, they wrote their history books different-y
Christianity and Islam:
Not much until 300 CE and Constantine. Then hundreds of years later after The Caliphate of Islam kicked Christians to the curb, Crusaders, mostly European, took back and lost the "Holy Land" (western portion) several times.
The Wall